Social Network Marketing & Its Effectiveness

Introduction The objective of this come off is to look for what the interrogation says about tender net profit merchandising and its in force(p)ness. The first roll of internet innovation (web 1. 0) brought consumers e-commerce. The second wave, entanglement 2. 0 evolved into a much lively and active experience, allowing consumers to act and shargon training resultant roleively, mixer meshing media much(prenominal) as Facebook, Tweeters, etc. father grown rapidly. Users argon non provided teens only if alike adults. The ordinaryity of smartph unmatcheds, hand-held tablet computers, computer nonebooks overly help the increase in popularity of development these sites.For instance, mixer net work media stand replaced e-mails to become the most popular chat tools. To marketing practitioners, this wave of digital revolution nookienot be ignored. more than than that Web 2. 0 enable consumers to give in content and sh ar. This vary is totally different fro m formal marketing, in which firms generate content or inwardnesss to pelt users and authorization users (such as publicize). It is now not a question of whether a effectuate should use digital media, but how they shadow maximize the benefit from the rise of these brisk media network.It whitethorn not mean that naturalized marketing tools such as advertising get out be replaced overnight, but friendly network media should be able to synergize conventional promotional tools. Thus, naturally the question of bring in and measuring hearty network media and its ROI go away be asked, which leave alone be address in this paper. The use of societal network media in consumer marketing is well established. Its application in education, healthcare, and also in pharmaceutical promotion are also explored. enunciate of Mouth market To begin with, the ideal of word of back talk marketing is explored.Marketers ac noticeledge that the conversations among customers are powerfu l square off of growth adoptions (Ryan and Gross 1943 Rogers 1962). Traditionally, marketers develop center to make selective consumers (who may be archaeozoic users) and these consumers help propagate the merchandise mess years to other consumers. More sophisticated marketers will identify influencers in the group of potential consumers (or flavor leaders) and influence them. Thereafter, these purview leaders discount help propagate marketers message to other consumers.In web 2. 0 err, consumers will participate in the whole marketing communication functioning. They will coproduce content to be shared in their chosen network. Hence, condition of Mouth model has evolved from a consumer-to-consumer process in the past to a popular opinion leader to consumer model, and most recently, a network coproduction model ( signifier 1. ) Marketers do not only influence the selective consumers (opinion leaders) in the despatch phase, but also have to reminder the process of consum er to consumer messaging.The coproduction model of word of give tongue to marketing is further depicted by Adrian Palmer and Nicole Koenig-Lewis. In their bind An experiential, companionable network-based antenna to direct marketing, the authors proposed a mannikin of 3 elements of the cordial network milieu the vendor, the customer and the community (Figure 2). In this model, the traditional interface for direct marketings has been among the seller and the customers, represented by the hatched area. With the entering of the community element, the customer acts with self-selected communi touch bases.Sellers read to interact with selected communities to compass a variety of benefits, including bedcover of positive word of mouth and assembly information about buyers needs and preferences. The quarrel is how to balance the interest of the sellers, the customers and the community, and this is represented in the overlapping area of the 3 circles. Figure 2. Direct marketi ng in a social network Success Factors for companionable electronic network Sites Shu-Chuan Chu and Yoojung Kim studied the de marchesinants of consumer designation in social networking sites (Chu &038 Kim 2011).Based on literature review, the authors identifies 5 determinants tie plazaure, homophily, trust, normative and informational interpersonal influence as heavy antecedent to eWOM behavior in SNSs. affiliation Strength Tie strength refers to the potency of the bond between members of a network (Mittal et al. 2008, p. 196). Example of sinewy tie strength is family members, whereas weak tie strength is colleagues. Strong tie were more likely to be activated for the precipitate of referral behavior. The hypothesis is that SNS users perceived tie strength with their contacts is positively related to their engagement n eWOM behaviors in SNSs.Homophily Homophily refers to the degree to which individuals who interact with one another are congruent or similar in certain at tributes (Rogers &038 Bhowmik 1970). The presumptuousness is that people with simailar characteristics, such as age &038 character may come together to form community. Hence, the hypothesis is that SNS users perceived homophily with their contacts is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviours in SNSs. trustingness Trust is defined as a willingness to rely on an supervene upon partner in whom one has confidence (Moorman et al. 1993, p. 82).In todays popular SNS, users share information with their own received network and thus, importantly increase the take of trust. Therefore, the hypothesis is SNS users perceived trust in their contacts is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviors in SNSs. prescriptive influence Normative influence refers to the object to conform to the expectations of others. It affects attitudes, norms and set (Burnkrant &038 Cousineau 1975). The hypothesis is that SNS users susceptibility to normative influences is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviors in SNSs. Informational influenceInformational influences, on the other and, denote the tendency to accept information from knowledgeable others and be guided in product, instigant and gillyflower search (Bearden et al. 1989 Deutsch &038 Gerard 1955). The hypothesis is that SNS users susceptibility to informational influences is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviors in SNSs. These factors were tested in an on-line passel of the college students on their 3 operationalized engagement opinion seeking, opinion giving and opinion passing. The findings of the lead are Tie strength is positively associated with eWOM behavior.On the other hand, a negative descent was put in between homophily and eWOM in SNSs. Trust is found to be positively electrical shock engagement with eWOM. Normative and informational influences are important for the engagement, but informational influence in opinion giving is not determined. Impli cations The results from this dissect propose that advertisers must take social race factors into account and develop personalized marketing communications strategies to fulfil SNS users needs. Insight into Network Co-production of Product Messaging That marketers may not have full take in the product messaging in social etwork marketing, Kozinets, de Valck, Woinicki &038 Wilner studied a mobile audio launch campaign using social network media (blogs) (Kozinets, de Valck, Woinicki &038 Wilner 2010). 83 bloggers were seeded with a new mobile phone and their blogs were monitored for 6 months. The bloggers were selected based on their traffic on their blogs. There is no obligation for the bloggers to pen or not write. This study gave critical analysis of the posts and provide good cleverness and lessons learnt from a commercial program use in social network media. The study found that bloggers can be categorise based on their character style.For instance, in the study at least 4 types are place, 1. citizen journalist, 2. loving mother, 3. satirical exhibitionist, and 4. the making-ends-meet passkey blogger. Four narrative strategies are identified (Figure 3) evaluation, embracing, endorsement and explanation. Which strategy to be take depends on the bloggers character, the governing norm in the community and the commercial element in the WOMM. The study found that the motivation for consumers to participate in the co-production of WOM are more confused and culturally embeded, shaped by common interests and communicative orientations and charged with moral hazard.WOM communicators indicate their need to balance inherent commercial- common tensions season being consistent with the character elements of their current narratives. It is also found that WOMM message and their co-occurrence meanings will be altered by communicators in ways taht are attuned to a range of different individual and communal factors. The managerial implications from the st udy are the followings. Firstly, managers should behave attention to not only the criterion (so-called amplification by advertising professional), but also quality of the consumer-generated messages.Secondly, consumers that play the reference of communicators should be further explored, classified and devloped. Thirdly, managers should proactively explore the norms assococaited with the communication network. Marketer also need to rethink whether some degree of control must be imposed in a WOM campaign. For instance, in the current study, that bloggers are free to write and even notice their relationship with the firm can generate negative WOM and distrust in the community. More important this study also advises that managers have an opportunity to encoruage particular narrative stategies that may be ideal for their product.Figure 3 loving Network marketing vs Traditional Marketing? Studies shown that social network marketing (word of mouth marketing) and traditional marketin g work synergistically (Onishi &038 Manchanda 2012 Trusov, Bucklin &038 Pauwels 2008). In a Japanese study, how blogs and advertising interact during product launch in motion picture and cell phone categories were studied. The study found that advertising will stimulate blogging activities during product pre-launch, and effect is less apparent post launch (Onishi &038 Manchanda 2012).In another study (Trusov, Bucklin &038 Pauwels 2008), electronic word of mouth (eWOM) programs of a social network site were compared with PR programs (media coming into court and Events) in terms of the effectiveness in generating new sign-ups. The founding is that eWOM is more effective than media appearance and events. However, it is also observed that eWOM and PR work synergistically. The studies also showed that blogging and eWOM effects are more long-lasting. The effectiveness of Social Media MarketingIn the article by Hoffman and Fodor (Hoffman &038 Fodor 2010), the authors attempted to address the ROI measured of social network marketing. As social network sites are now considerably measured by search of your brands blogs or data mining, quantative measurement seems to be ppssible. virtually people may want a simple direct short term sales against direct costs. The authors caution whether this is a suitabke measurement of social network effectiveness. Nevertheless, we know that Social network marketing can substituted traditional marketing.As traditional marketing such as TV advertising is expensive, by allocating a certain amount of promotional budget to digital marketing can definitely reduce cost and achieve more or less same results. Another benefit of social network marketing is the improvement of market inquiry by direct communicating with users and thus, significantly saving the amount of market research costs. To meaningfully measure ROI of social media marketing, the authors suggest to begin with identifying the objectives of a particular social marketing ca mpaign in order to take into consideration of different nature of social network media (figure 4).In short, brand awareness, brand engagement and word of mouth effect can be measured. Figure 4 References Donna L. Hoffman, Marek Fodor 2010. Can You Measure the ROI of Your Social Media Marketing? MIT Sloan Management Review 52,1(Fall) 41-49. Fue Zeng, Li Huang, Wenyu Dou 2009. journal of Interactive advertizement 10,1 1-13. Hirishi Onishi, Puneet Manchanda 2012. Marketing activity, blogging and sales. Intern. J. of look in Marketing 29 221-234.Shu-Chuan Chu, Yoojung Kim 2011, Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites, International Journal of Advertising 30,1 47-75. Robert V Kozinets, Kristine de Valck, Andrea C Wojnick and Sarah JS Wilner 2010, Networked Narratives Understanding grapevine Marketing in Online Communities, Journal of Marketing, 74 (March) 71-89. Louise Kelly, Garyle and Judy Drennan 2010, Avoidance of Advertis ing in Social Networking sites the Teenage Perspective, Journal of Interactive Advertising, 10, 25(Spring) pp. 16-27.