Marketing Essay -- Papers

food market Different Companies have different methods of selling their crops, some companies decide to de that an item and wait for the results of the sales. Another method of selling a yield is to enquiry the market in which it is to be sold. There atomic number 18 mixed ways of conducting some market research, much depends on the item you conjure to sell, the time you may have to research and the amount of money that is available. mint who be expected to be consumers may be approached in companionship to recognise their needs, this may be done through questionnaires verbally by post or by phone once their needs are recognised it will be clearer what to provide for them. Research into the companies harvesting may provide information into potential competition and pricing the product. Price is of manifest importance for maximum sales and maximum profit. Researching the market may insinuate that a sample should be circulated in order to address and ameliorate any issues for example if it is an edible product the taste and smell mustiness be considered if it is an electrical product the functions may be considered is it user warm or practical or too complicated the right product with the wrong design will not sell and cold handle a potential profit into a potential loss. Studying peoples get patterns will unveil ideas as to where this product should be sold, where people are more likely to buy them the consumer will have to be targeted and the product strategically planned in order to sell e.g. Haagen Dazs Good market research and prompt recognition and coherence will allow the producers to direct relevant selling strategies and the ability to... ...oduce enough in June 1994 and therefore indomitable not to use any advertising promotions. This may have been avoided if primary research had been done earlier to see what the demands of the consumers were, and the forecast of the weath er. The product proved to be achieverful and ultimately that is what produces lucre. Walls chose to conduct little primary research it may be that it was not required as Solero was a success, but it may also suggest that Walls missed out on profits of one month in an exceptionally hot summer because of drop of primary research Also arguably, Walls set out to repeat the success of Magnum in the indulgence sector but according to the impulse-positioning map Solero is purchased as refreshment and not indulgence does this mean that there is still way for a product in the indulgence sector?

Mid Term Essay

I affirm that the attached work is entirely my own, barely where the words or ideas of other writers are specific anyy ac humpledged agree to accepted citation conventions. This assignment has not been submitted for any other way of life at Robert Kennedy College or any other institution. I cook revised, edit and proofread this piece. I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is amply acknowledged and fully disclosed in this paper (examination).I subscribe to too cited any sources (footnotes or extirpatenotes) from which I used data, ideas, theories, or words, whether quoted straight off or paraphrased. I further acknowledge that this paper has been prepared by me specific tout ensembley for this course. MIDTERM ASSESSMENT Q1. 70 Points Understanding Human expression is critical to organizations argue the benefits of ego evaluation/ ego-importance-importance assessment as it relates to loss draws today. Q2. 30 Points Prejudice abide be hurtful and soul-destroying discuss how you nookie person all in ally reduce prejudice in your oeuvre please offer up an example.Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today. As the world is be culmination to a greater extent dependent on electronic gadgets, its becomes more than difficult to hold a face to face discussion or cont make a motions with the lot we work with. These bugger off made it more important to deduce the behavior of the masses we work with and more critical to any private instructor that wants to be successful in his organization.For a leader to fully infer Human behavior, that person postulate to first do what is called self assessment. macrocosm self aware allows sensation to recognize and improve their strength and failing in order to maximize their leadership potential Discovering your genuine Leadership, Harvar d Business freshen February 2007 page 3 Human behaviors are essentialiness predictable if ane stupefy taken time to sturdy another(prenominal) person.In organizational Behavior 15th edition by Stephen and Timothy page 11 Behavior is generally predictable and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonable accurate predictions Self evaluation is a major factor towards becoming a goodish enough leader, because this evolves looking at oneself so that all aspect that is important are identified and evaluated. As a leader you need to know your capacity and ability. The oxford dictionary defines self assessment as an evaluation of oneself or actions, altitudes or performance.As the exposition implies there are s ever soal ways that a leader can buoy evaluate his or her performance. In Harvard Business review of 2007 with the title discovering your Authentic leadership page 5 eight key questions are asked, and this I believe if well understood can benefit a leade r today. And help to develop a better self evaluation mechanism. The mass and experience in your early life have a great(p) impact on an individual, As a leader knowing where your coming from is very important and this makes you to compare note to with were you want to be in the future.Self evaluation will help you know if progress is be made and were more motions are required. As a modern leader you need to be systematic in your assessment, with break over overrating your s bulges, this can be done through your pears subordinates by way of asking questions that brings out the honest answers from them. Arrogance should not have a part in these for your survival depends on their honest response.Every leader most have values, HBR in discovering you Authentic leadership page 4 says The value that forms the bag for Authentic leadership are derived from your beliefs and convictions, but you will not know what your true values are until they are tested under mechanical press level must time volume say Nothing will ever make me change my mind scarce to shift ground when such(prenominal) pressure are mounted on us, In other wars pressure is what refines our true vales, and when self evaluation is applied the value that you have or come out with unshaken is your true value.A leader is also motivated to act by one action or the other, self assessment will help you to know your motivation, does it come from the inside or the outside? Knowing the answers will help you to discover yourself. Most people waste there life leaving a programmed life, and not having satisfaction, single when they do things out of motivation will they truly be happy. Youre Family, friends, workmates and neighbors all reflect the kind of a leader one is so in the process of self assessments one needs to evaluate all to be sure whether the right set of people are what he has around him.Success is a aggroup work we are all interdependent on each other. Another area of leadership self awa reness is on consistence, Do I double speck? A leader should be known as one who is constant in all situations that confronts him, and make sure everyone within the organization is carried along on most activities. A leader should assess his personality to see if he owns up to his mistake, leaders are human, they make mistakes and should accept correction.Leaders need to make out time for themselves and family. Having done a proper self assessment as a leader am ever more determined to develop a system and process were talented people are attracted and aligned to be future leaders. No individual action can mate the pleasure of leading a group of people to achieve a worthy goal. When you cross the finish line together, all pain and suffering you may have experienced quickly vanishes HBR discovering you bona fide leadership page 8.In conclusion every leader must do some kind of self assessment boundaryically for procession this in true reflects in the person the quality of a good leader. Q2. Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive discuss how you can personally reduce prejudice in your workplace please provide an example. All human being are born free and equal in dignity and right, they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. obligate 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human right.Despite this well articulate statement, Prejudice is still a universal problem, we all are disfavor in one way or the other, but for us to be good leaders we all need to work hard in other to reduce prejudice in our work place. As a step towards reducing prejudice one has to acknowledge that it really exists. It is exclusively when we accept it existence can we start to discuss way to end or reduce prejudice. Prejudgment becomes prejudice only if they are not reversible when exposed to new knowledge says the book the Nature of prejudice.And only the type of contacts that lead people together is likely to result i n changed attitudes. According to the report UNISCO against Racism education could be a wanted tool in the struggle against new form of racism, discrimination and projection having this fine idea before us should make us more aware of our responsibilities. The book Understanding Prejudice and discrimination says. Perhaps they must important conclusions to emerge from prejudice research are 1. No one capable of human thoughts and speech is immune from harboring prejudice.It often takes deliberate effort and awareness to reduce prejudice and 3. With sufficient motivation it can be done As a business owner I have I have synchronized the research work into my working environments. And this have reduced Prejudice in our organization, My country Nigeria is a multi ethnic and culturally diversified nation with more than three hundred ethnic groups. mustiness time working with people of different ethnic groups can be challenging if once does not do away with his pre conceived thoughts ab out another tribe.As an IGBO specking person I have come not to prize that any other tribe is inferior to mine. So during recruitment we do not discriminate or apply mono-ethnic sentiments, rather we appreciate the mixed bag and uniqueness of our individuality. So everybody who performs well is given the opportunity to work with us. I have also made sure that each project team is not mono-ethnic so that they can all learn from their diversity and this have really reduce the level of prejudice in our work place.I have notice a staff who was once very prejudice about an individual from another ethnic group being good friends after they worked together on a project for a period of time, when I asked about his the new closeness and friendship with the person he was once prejudiced about he simple replied ignorance can kill. This was because by working with the individual as project team penis he came to realize that the person has a very good pattern and very hardworking too agains t what he previously thought.

Accouting Practice Exam

FACULTY OF concern ACC carbon ACCOUNTING 1 Sample examination TIME 9. 20 12. 30 Hours WRITING TIME Three (3) hours READING TIME Ten (10) minutes MATERIALS SUPPLIED BY UNIVERSITY respond Booklets (4 x 6 page) General Purpose Answer Sheet GPAS-200R MATERIALS PERMITTED IN EXAMINATION Writing implements, including a 2B pencil and an eraser outpouring ope grazed, hand held, no print facility calculator NUMBER OF QUESTIONS divorce A Thirty expose B Four (30) multiple natural selection (4) questionsINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. Enter your name and student desc annul and sign in the quadriceps femoris provided at the bottom of this page. You must similarly enter your name and number in pencil on the multiple choice manage public opinion poll, and upon the come booklet. This examination consists of THIRTY (30) multiple choice questions in agency A and FOUR (4) questions in man B. ALL questions must be answered. adjourn A (Multiple choice) Students must answer questions 1 30 on the answer sheet provided.Use a black lead pencil No 2 to fill in completely the letter box corresponding to the almost correct answer. To change your answer, erase completely and remark. There ar no marks deducted for incorrect answers. Candidates are advised to show all working in digress B clearly labelling them as such. This examination is deserving 60% of the final assessment. Students must adios the final exam to pass the subject. INSTRUCTIONS TO INVIGILATORS 1 QUESTION PAPER MUST NOT BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE. 2. 3.STUDENT NAME ____________________________________ STUDENT No _________________ STUDENT skin senses _____________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE (1 mark each) Record your answers in pencil on the General Purpose Answer Sheet provided. 1 Purchasing stock for immediate payment has the avocation dual effect on the report comparability A B C D 2 change magnitudes an summation and increases a fiscal obligation increa ses an plus and increases a nonher summation decreases an asset and increases owners law decreases an asset and increases an assetPurchasing office article of furniture breakly for bullion and partly on credit affects the ac calculationing equation by A B C D increasing an asset, increasing a liability and a lessen an asset increasing an asset, fall a liability and decreasing an asset decreasing an asset, increasing a liability and increasing owners integrity decreasing an asset, decreasing a liability and decreasing owners equity 3All of the followers equations of the basic chamfer noteing equation are correct except A B C D assets = liabilities + owners equity economic resources = claims on economic resources assets liabilities = owners equity assets + owners equity = liabilities 4 A business had assets of $260,000 and liabilities of $75,000. How much is its owners equity? A B C D $0 $185,000 $335,000 $260,000 5 The business document that reports assets, liabilities a nd owners equity is called the A B C D financial line action statement of financial position ( pro tract sheet) statement of financial performance ( mesh and breathing out statement) 6 Terri operates a beauty salon. During the rootage calendar calendar month of ope dimensionn Terri performed the followers proceeding i ii iii iv v vi invested $2,000 in the business pre paid rent of $ vitamin C0 leveragingd $1, viosterol of furniture on credit purchased $ speed of light of supplies for hard currency paid $ccc on the furniture purchased in iii purchased an antique mirror for $1,000, paying capital of $ vitamin D and putting $ five hundred on credit. Using the billing equation, the final symmetry on both sides is A B C D 7 3,900 3,700 4,ccc 4,four hundredUse the adjacent development to calculate the match in Johns Capital account. equipoise of accounts for Johns Cleaning on 31 March account statements Pay competent Accounts receivable immediate payment at bank Equipment Supplies Bill collectible John, Capital A B C D $20,000 $17,500 $18,000 $15,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,500 $ 500 $20,000 $ 1,000 $ 4,000 ? 8 Under the cash al-Qaeda of accounting A B C D mesh bring in is the excess of cash inflows from gross over cash outflows for disbursals Revenue is recognized when goods are sold depreciates are recognized when mo wampumary abide bys are consumed B and C 3 Judys Hairdressing Salon uses cash accounting. During 2005 the salon describe $41,000 in stipend paid on the income statement. At course-end 2005 wages owing but undischarged were $2,400. If the salon changed to accrual accounting, how much would be describe as wages outlay for 2005? A B C D $38,600 $41,000 $43,400 $42,600 10 Which of the following statements concerning accrual accounting is accepted? A B C D Net pull in is the excess of cash inflows from revenue over cash outflows for expenses Revenue is recognised when earned and expenses when incurred.When on that point are credit tra nsactions the accrual approach gives a ruin measure of economic performance than the cash approach B and C 11 Joe uses cleaning supplies on a daily basis. Under the accrual basis of accounting these supplies should be an expense of the full stop in which they are A B C D Ordered Received stipendiary for Used 12 Prepaid indemnity is reported as A B C D An asset in the balance sheet A liability in the balance sheet An expense in the income statement B and C 13 Which of the following could be reported as a prepaid expense?A B C D A maintenance pledge paid in ascension for the next 2 stratums engage owing at the end of the period plight serene in advance from tenants beguile income unpaid at the end of the period 14 According to an scrutinize count Cally Printing had office supplies amounting to $100 at year-end. It had $50 of supplies at the scratch of the year and had purchased $600 of supplies during the year. What was the supplies expense for the year? A B C D $650 $60 0 $550 $500 4 15 Which of the following statements relating to the accumulated depreciation account is correct? A B C D It normally is a balance on the left hand side of a T-account.It reflects the portion of the cost of an asset that has been asgestural to expense since the item was purchased It provides information to users on the market economic value of assets It is classified as a liability in the balance sheet The following data relates to questions 16 to 18. Pams political machine take purchased a machine for $6,300 on 1 July 2008. The machine had an estimated life of 7 years, at which time it was expected to have a sales events value of $700. The straight-line method of depreciation was used. 16 What was the amount of depreciation charged as an expense on the machine by Pams Machine Hire for year ended 30 June 2009?A B C D 17 $771 $800 $900 $1,600 What was the balance of the accrued depreciation Machine account in the books of Pams Machine Hire at 30 June 2009 followi ng the adjusting ledger entry? A B C D $800 $1,600 $2,400 $2,700 18 What was the book value of the machine in the books of Pams Machine Hire at 30 June 2009 following the adjusting entry? A B C D $5,600 $3,900 $5,400 $5,500 5 19 Tom purchased both vehicles for his business on 1 January 2009. These vehicles cost $50,000 each and have a useful life of 5 years with an expected residual of $20,000 each.The adjusting entry required for depreciation on the two vehicles on 30 June 2005 is A B C D increase Accumulated Depreciation $6,000 cast up Depreciation set down $6,000 amplification Depreciation disbursement $12,000 Decrease Accumulated Depreciation $12,000 Increase Accumulated Depreciation $12,000 Decrease Depreciation Expense $12,000 Increase Depreciation Expense $6,000 Decrease Accumulated Depreciation $6,000 20 Unearned revenue is an example of a(n) A B C D Accrual Liability Asset Expense 21 absorb collected from a tenant in advance is considered A B C D Unearned Revenue Pr epaid Expense A liability Both A and C 2 On 1 July 2009 Zoes grade insignia &038 Bistro rented out part of its straight-lacedty at a rate of $12,000 per year. On that date, nine months rent was collected in advance and was demeaned as an increase to a liability account. At 31 December 2009, (Zoes year-end) which of the following adjusting entries should be made? A B C D Increase notes, $6,000 Increase fill Revenue, $6,000 Decrease Rent Revenue, $3,000 Increase Unearned Rent Revenue $3,000 Decrease Unearned Rent Revenue, $6,000 Increase Rent Revenue, $6,000 Increase Rent due, $6,000 Increase Rent Revenue, $6,000 23Working capital of the United States is determined by A B C D subtracting score liabilities from keep down assets adding ongoing liabilities to total assets subtracting current liabilities from current assets adding total liabilities to current assets 6 24 Decision-makers may use liquidity ratios to measure a companys financial flexibility. An example of a liquid ity ratio would be the A B C D return on total assets current ratio gross profit ratio accounts receivable turnover The following information pertains to question 25. Marias coffee tree reported $56 000 for current assets and $10 500 for other assets. It also had $17 000 of current liabilities.Marias quick assets totalled $22 000, and its long-term liabilities totalled $10 000. 25 Determine Marias working capital A B C D 26 $5 000 $39 000 $56 500 $12 500 The following entry appeared in the general journal of the SoHo Realty gild Office Supplies bills Accounts Payable 2,500 500 2,000 Which of the following statements is not true about the transaction recorded in the journal entry in a higher place? A B C D SoHos cash decreased by $500 Liabilities change magnitude as a result of the transaction SoHos signed a note as part of the transaction The asset, office supplies, increased as a result of the transaction 27 End of year records from Sallys Boutique show $ currency 20 Salaries Payable 10 Rent Expense 100 care Expense 50 Prepaid Rent 30 fee Expense 20 Rent collected in advance 20 During the final stage process the total debit to the put on and Loss Summary account would be A B C D $90 $100 $80 $170 28 Muffy community reported the following for 2009 and 2010 Accounts receivable, 31 December, 2009 Accounts receivable, 31 December, 2010 Sales for 2010 $ 7 000 3 000 85 000 How much cash was collected from customers during 2010? A B C D $81 000 $85 000 $89 000 $75 000Use the following information to answer capitulums 29 and 30 2010 $ 20 000 50 000 54 000 one hundred thirty 000 6 000 230 000 127 000 560 000 340 000 2009 $ 22 000 44 000 51 000 129 000 10 000 221 000 125 000 554 000 336 000 Cash at bank sellable securities Accounts Receivable armory Prepaid expenses whole shebang and equipment actual liabilities Sales revenue (on account) a bunkrophize of goods sold 8 29 The current ratio for 2010 is A B C D 2. 151 2. 051 1. 881 1. 751 30 Receivables t urnover for 2010 is A B C D 10. 4 times 21. 3 times 4. 10 times 10. 7 times 9 PART B (ALL QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED) ANSWER QUESTION IN A NEW ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1 Part A Recording transactions (20 marks) (10 marks) Matthew crowd Services Pty Ltd began a business consultancy dish up on 1 July 2010. The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The following transactions occurred during the starting signal month of operations July 2 fateholders invested $46000 in the business in supercede for shares in the company. 2 paying $20000 for the first six months rent. 2 paid Local Energy Corp $300 as a pay off on electricity. 3 Purchased and installed shop fittings for a total cost of $21500 by issuing a cheque for $11500 and igning a commercial loanword agreement for $10000. 4 Purchased supplies for $1580 4. Purchased $20000 worth of inventory for cash 6 Paid publicize expense of $1750. 16 Recorded sales for the first half of the month of $16480 in cash and $275 on account. Co st of inventory sold during the period was $7650. 20 Paid insurance expense for the first year of $1250. 23 Received a $50 payment from customers on account. 28 Paid salaries of $1500. 31 Recorded revenue for the split second half of the month of $22729 in cash and $530 on account. Cost of inventory sold during the period was $10890. 1 Paid telephone account of $110 by cheque. Use the following account titles and numbers Cash at posit, 100 Accounts Receivable, one hundred one Supplies, 103 Inventory 104 Deposits, cv Shop Fittings, 110 loanword Payable, 200 Share Capital, 300 Retained Profits, 310 Dividends, 320 Sales, 400 Cost of Goods Sold, 450 Rent expense, 500 Advertising expense, 501 redress expense, 502 rally expense, 503 compensation expense, 504. requisite 1. induce the general journal entries to record the above transactions. 10 Question 1 Part B financial Statements (10 marks)The adjusted trial balance of interbreeding Australia especial(a) at 30 April 2009, afte r all adjustments, is as follows Crossing Australia Ltd Adjusted Trial equipoise as at 30 April 2009 Account Cash at commit Accounts Receivable Supplies Prepaid Insurance Equipment Accumulated Depreciation equipment building Accumulated Depreciation twist Land Accounts Payable Interest collectible Wages payable Unearned Service revenue Bill payable, non-current Share capital Service Revenue Depreciation expense equipment Depreciation expense building Wages expense Interest expense Insurance expense electrical energy and gas expense Supplies expense original Dr 1,370 43,740 3,690 2,290 63,930 28,430 74,330 18,260 20,000 19,550 2,280 830 3,660 69,900 64,200 98,550 6,900 3,710 60,310 5,370 8,170 4,970 6,880 305,660 Cr 305,660 essential Prepare a classified Income Statement and a offset Sheet for Crossing Australia restrict. 11 Question 2 ANSWER QUESTION IN A NEW ANSWER BOOKLET. Question 2 Part A fiscal statement analysis (15 marks) (10 marks) The following information has been extracted from the financial statements and the notes of Softwoods Ltd. 010 Cash assets Marketable securities Receivables Inventories Prepaid expenses Property plant and equipment Current liabilities Credit sales Cost of Goods Sold tote up liabilities Total assets Net profit $34 100 110 000 74 800 187 000 4 400 308 000 183 700 979 000 587 400 593 000 650 000 98 000 2009 $37 400 104 500 77 000 173 800 6 600 269 500 167 200 951 500 573 000 567 000 612 000 83 000 Receivables and inventories balances in 2008 were the alike(p) as 2009. Required account the following for 2010 and 2009 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Current ratio Inventory turnover ratio Receivables turnover ratio Net profit ratio Debt to total assets ratio What conclusions can you come to in relation to Softwoods Ltds liquidity, profitability and solvency? 12 Question 2 Part B Journalise adjusting entries (5 marks)The trial balance of Please-Pass-Me at 30 June 2010, the end of the financial year, is as follows Pass-Me-Please Tria l equilibrize as at 30 June 2010 Account Cash at brink Accounts Receivable Supplies Furniture and fixtures Accumulated Depreciation furniture and fixtures Building Accumulated Depreciation building Accounts Payable Salary Payable Unearned Service revenue Capital Drawings Service Revenues Salary Expense Supplies Expense Depreciation Expense furniture and fixtures Depreciation Expense building Miscellaneous Expense Total Dr 198,000 370,000 6,000 100,000 40,000 250,000 130,000 380,000 45,000 293,000 65,000 286,000 172,000 Cr 13,000 1,174,000 1,174,000 Data undeniable for the adjusting entries include a. b. c. d. e. f. Supplies on hand at year-end, $2,000 Depreciation on furniture and fixtures, $20,000 Depreciation on building, $10,000 Salaries owed but not yet paid, $5,000 Accrued service revenue, $12,000 Of the $45,000 balance of Unearned Service Revenue, $32,000 was earned during the current financial year. Required Prepare the adjusting general journal entries. 13Question 3 ANS WER QUESTION IN A NEW ANSWER BOOKLET. Hardly median(prenominal) Ltd (15 marks) As at 30 June 2008 the companys cash account in its GL has a debit balance of $5,815. 30. The bank statement balance as at 30 June 2008 showed a balance of $7,075. 80 Cr The following additional information was say The bank collected a direct deposit of $1200 for Hardly Normal from a debtor and charged $10 for doing so. On 30 June the bank statement showed a debit entry of $550 for a dishonoured cheque deposited by hardly Normal from IN Debt, a customer. The 30 June cash return of $1,819. 60 were not included in the bank deposits for June. They did not grow processed until 1 July. Company cheque no. 480 issued to Joe Bloggs, a creditor, for $492 percipient the bank in June but it had been incorrectly recorded and posted in the companys records as $429. The bank service charge for June was $25. Interest of $48 was received. It had not been previously accrued for. Unpresented cheques at 30 June totall ed $2,480. 10. Required 1. 2. Prepare the necessary adjusting entries to the companys GL as at 30 June 2008. Prepare the bank reconciliation statement as at 30 June 2008 (include workings for adjusting the GL). 14 Question 3 Part B Internal Control (5 marks) Fred Firkenstirker has worked for Derek Shonk Solicitors for several years. Fred hasnt taken a holiday in the last three years. One of Freds primary duties is to gift the mail and list the cheques received.He also takes cash from clients when they leave. At times it is so hectic that Fred doesnt bother with giving clients a receipt for the cash paid on their accounts. He assures them he will see to it that they receive the proper credit. When the traffic is boring in the office Fred offers to help Mary post the payments received from clients to the accounts receivable ledger. She is always happy to receive his help, because he is a very conscientious worker. Required Identify any principles of internal adjudge that may be violated in this solicitors office situation. 15 Question 4 Statement of Cash Flows (20 marks) ANSWER QUESTION IN A NEW ANSWER BOOKLET. weft Brother Pty Limited Balance Sheet 30 June 2010 Current assets Cash at bank Accounts receivable Total current assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment at cost Accumulated depreciation Total non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities Accounts payable Salaries payable Total liabilities NET ASSETS Owners equity Share Capital Retained Profits TOTAL OWNERS EQUITY 10,000 11,950 21,950 10,000 4,280 14,280 29,800 3,500 33,300 21,950 35,220 1,000 36,220 14,280 33,000 (17,000) 16,000 55,250 20,000 (8,000) 12,000 50,500 8,750 30,500 39,250 13,500 25,000 38,500 30 June 2009 former(a) information extracted from Choice Brothers Pty Limited Income Statement for the year ended 30 June 2010 as follows Sales Revenue Gain on temperament of PPE Salaries Expense Other Expenses (ex. Dep. ) Net Profit Other information 141,250 1,000 50,00 0 71,580 7,670 Equipment that originally cost the company $10,000 was sold during the year.The accumulated depreciated on the equipment sold was $4,000. Accounts payable balance relates to amounts owning that are classified under Other Expenses 16 Required 1. Calculate the following cash flows a) receipts from customers b) payments to employees c) payments for other expenses d) payments for property, plant and equipment e) receipts from the sale of property, plant and equipment (10 marks) 2. Prepare the companys Cash Flows Statement for the year ended 30 June 2010. (10 marks) 17 Indicative examination solutions Part A Multiple Choice 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 D A D B C B C A C D D A A C B B A D A B D C C B B C D C B D 18PART B Question 1 Question 1 Part A Recording transactions Matthews James Services Pty Ltd General Journal witness 2010 2 Jul Account titles and interpretation Cash Share Capital (Issued shares) Rent expense C ash (Paid first 6 months rent) Deposit Cash (Deposit on electricity) Post. Ref 100 300 Debit 46,000 46,000 Credit (20 marks) (10 marks) 2 Jul 500 100 20,000 20,000 2 Jul 105 100 300 300 3 Jul Shop Fittings 110 21,500 Loan Payable 200 10,000 Cash 100 11,500 (Purchased shop fittings paid part by cash and part covered by a loan agreement) Supplies Cash (Paid for supplies) Inventory Cash (Paid cash for inventory) Advertising Expense Cash (Paid advertising expense) 103 100 1,580 1,580 4 Jul 4 Jul 104 100 20,000 20,000 6 Jul 01 100 1,750 1,750 16 Jul Cash 100 Accounts Receivable hundred and one Sales 400 Cost of Goods Sold 450 Inventory 104 (To record first half month sales) 20 Jul Insurance Expense Cash (Paid 1 year insurance policy) 502 100 16,480 275 16,755 7,650 7,650 1,250 1,250 19 23 Jul Cash 100 Accounts Receivable 101 (To record collection of accounts receivable) 28 Jul Salary Expense Cash (Paid salaries) 504 100 50 50 1,500 1,500 31 Jul Cash 100 Accounts Receivable 101 Sales 400 Cost of Goods Sold 450 Inventory 104 (To record second half month sales) 31 Jul Telephone expense Cash (Paid Telephone expense) 503 100 22,729 530 23,259 10,890 10,890 110 110 20 Question 1 Part BFinancial Statements Crossing Australia Ltd Income Statement For the Year Ended 30 April 2009 (10 marks) Revenues Service revenue Expenses Wage expense Interest expense Depreciation expense equipment Supplies expense Insurance expense Electricity and gas expense Depreciation expense building Total expenses Net profit $98,550 $60,310 8,170 6,900 6,880 5,370 4,970 3,710 96,310 $2,240 21 Question 1 Part B continued Crossing Australia Ltd Balance Sheet As at 30 April 2009 Assets Current Assets Cash at Bank Accounts Receivable Supplies Prepaid Insurance Total current assets Non-Current Assets Equipment less(prenominal) Acc. Depreciation Building Less Acc.Depreciation Land Total Non-Current Assets TOTAL ASSETS Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable Interest Payable Wages Payable Unear ned Service Revenue Total Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Bill Payable TOTAL LIABILITIES NET ASSETS Owners Equity Share Capital Retained Profits OWNERS EQUITY $ 1, 370 43,740 3, 690 2, 290 $ 51,090 $63,930 (28,430) 74,330 (18,260) $35,500 56,070 20,000 111,570 $162,660 $19,550 2,280 830 3,660 26,320 69,900 96,220 $66,440 64,200 2,240 $66,440 22 Question 2 Question 2 Part A Financial statement analysis (15 marks) (10 marks) Formulae 1. Current ratio = Current assets/ Current liabilities 2. Stock turn (Inventory turnover) = COGS/ Average inventory 3. Debtors turn (Receivables turnover) = Net sales/ Average net receivables 4. Net profit ratio = net profit/net sales 5.Debt to total assets ratio = total liabilities/total assets Calculations 2010 Current assets $34,100 + $110,000 + $74,800 + $187,000 + $4,400 = $410,300 2009 Current assets $37,400 + $104,500 + $77,000 + $173,800 + $6,600 = $399,300 2010 Average inventory ($187,000 + $173,800)/2 2009 Average inventory $173, 800 * assumed 2008 and 2009 same balances 2010 Average receivables ($74,800 + $77,000)/2 = $75,900 2009 Average receivables $77,000 * assumed 2008 and 2009 same balances 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Current ratio Stock turn Debtors turn Net profit Debt to assets 2010 410,300/183,700 = 2. 23 587,400/180,400 = 3. 26 979,000/75,900 = 12. 90 98,000/979,000 = 10% 593,000/650,000 = . 91 2009 399,300/167,200 = 2. 39 573,000/173,800 = 3. 1 951,500/77,000 = 12. 35 83,000/951,500 = 8. 7% 567,000/612,000 = . 92 Liquidity Although it has declined slightly in 2004, Softwoods is financially sound in the short term with more than $2 in current assets to meet every $1 in current liabilities advantageousness Net profit ratio has improved marginally in 2004 with Softwoods able turning 10c of every $1 of sales into profit. For a complete contrive however the ratio would need to be compared to industry. Softwoods is collecting its debtors balances at the rate of more than 12 times per year and therefore slightly r uin than once a month. Stock turnover however is rather slow at just over three times per year.Of course the nature of the industry would need to be considered to assess whether this level of turnover was at bottom expectations. Solvency Softwoods is carrying a high level of long term debt with barely exuberant assets to cover liabilities. This raises some concern about their long term viability 23 Question 2 Part B Journalising adjusting entries Pass-Me-Please General Journal 30 June 2010 (5 marks) a) Dr Supplies Expense Cr Supplies b) Dr Depreciation Expense Cr Acc Depreciation (F&038F) c) Dr Depreciation Expense Cr Acc Depreciation (Building) d) Dr Salaries Expense Cr Salary Payable e) Dr Accounts Receivable Cr Service Revenues f) Dr Unearned Service Revenue Cr Service Revenues 4,000 4,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 12,000 12,000 32,000 32,000 24Question 3 Question 3 Part A Date Bank reconciliation Debit (15 marks) (10 marks) Credit Account Titles and Explanation June 30 Cash at Bank Bank Charges Accounts Receivable 30 Accounts Receivable IN Debt Cash at Bank 30 Accounts Payable Joe Bloggs Cash at Bank 30 Bank Charges Cash at Bank 30 Cash at Bank Interest Revenue 1,190 10 1,200 550 550 63 63 25 25 48 48 (1) certain Cash at Bank account balance Add Interest Collection of note receivable ($1,200 less collection fee $10) Less Dishonoured cheque Error in recording cheque no. 2480 Bank service charge Adjusted Cash at Bank account balance $5,815. 30 48. 00 1,190. 00 ($550. 00) (63. 00) (25. 0) 1,238. 00 7,053. 30 (638. 00) $6,415. 30 Hardly Normal Limited Bank Reconciliation Statement As at 30 June 2007 Balance as per bank statement Add Outstanding deposits Less Unpresented cheques Balance as per Cash at Bank Account (1) Workings $7,075. 80 1,819. 60 8,895. 40 (2,480. 10) $6,415. 30 25 Question 3 Part B Internal Control (5 marks) This may not be an perfect(a) list. Additional control issues identified must actually link to the scenario provide d in the question. Violations 1. It is Marys province to post payments to patient accounts. In allowing Fred to assist her, the establishment of responsibility principle is violated. 2.Although it appears to be a small office, it is not appropriate that Fred opens the mail, receives and records cash receipts from clients, and also appears to have custody of cash. This situation violates the segregation of duties principle. By posting to clients accounts it would be possible to post credits to patient accounts and hammock the cash. 3. The documentation principle is violated when clients are not given cash receipts. Although many professional offices do not have cash registers, computerised or manual receipts are customary and necessary. 4. Independent internal validation is also being violated. There is no independent counting of the cash and comparison to total receipts. 5. Other controls are being violated. There is no mention of Fred being bonded. Also, personnel should be requ ired to take olidays to increase the likelihood of fraud being detected. 26 Question 4 Required 1 Statement of Cash Flows (20 marks) Receipts from customers = Sales revenue + hatchway accounts receivable closing accounts receivable = 141,250 + 25,000 30,500 = 135,750 ? Payments to employees = salaries expense + opening salaries payable closing salaries payable = 50,000 + 1,000 3,500 = 47,500 ? Payments for other operating(a) expenses = other operating expenses + opening accounts payable closing accounts payable = 71,580 + 35,220 29,800 = 77,000 ? Payment for purchases of PPE = increase in cost value of PPE + cost value of PPE sold = 13,000 + 10,000 = 23,000 ?Receipts from sale of PPE (is a two step process) = Original cost of assets accumulated depreciation = carrying value of asset sold = 10,000 4,000 = 6,000 Carrying value of asset sold + profit on disposal (OR less loss on disposal) = 6,000 + 1,000 = 7,000 Required 2 Choice Brothers Pty Limited Cash Flows Statement (Part ial) For the Year Ended 30 June 2010 Cash flows from operating activities $ Cash collections From customers Cash payments To employees For other operating expenses Net cash generated by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Cash collections From sale of PPE Cash payments For purchase of PPE Net cash generated by investing activities Net movement in cash Opening balance in cash 1 July 2009 shutting balance in cash 30 June 2010 135,750 (47,500) (77,000) 11,250 ? 7,000 (23,000) (16,000) (4,750) 13,500 8,750 27 28

Eighty-Eight Years’

Eighty-eight years refer to the period between Vermonts annulment of allegiance in 1777 and endorsement of the thirteenth Amendment in 1865. In reality, the book extends everyplace the whole history of Atlantic subjection. Starting with a concise tryout of the extension of European domains in the 1500s and the formation of the Atlantic ranch decomposable in the mid-1600s, the book centers around the century extending from the Imperial Crisis and the American renewing in the 1770s to Reconstruction in the 1870s.It likewise as often as possible pushes forward to the tardily cancellation of subjection in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and Cuba in the 1880s. In like manner, while the subtitle references the long passing of servitude in the linked States, the work centers around the Union and southern unite States, yet goes broadly speaking amongst London and Paris, Cartage and Copenhagen, Puerto Rico and Brazil, Cuba and Columbia. Regarding its ordered and geographic degree, Eighty-Eigh t geezerhood adversaries ar few and recognized Rael, sorts out his contention around a proficiency of ideas that are presented and characterized in a protracted presentation that reimburses numerous readings. Obtaining from world- frameworks hypothesis, Rael depends smartly on ideas of metro pole, center, and fringe.Following Philip Curtin, Rael classifies European states in the Americas as unadorned realms, abuse provinces, and pilgrim colonies.(3) Finally, Rael recognizes three sorts of cancellation that won in the Americas. Progressive cancelations occurred in the northern United States, Haiti, and the republics of the previous Spanish-American Empire, emerging from autonomy developments, wars for freedom, and transformations. Metropolitan cancellations characterized annulment in the Caribbean (with the essential special case of Haiti), and included the metro pole forcing override on the fringe. At last, in the southern United States, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Brazil, late nul lification took after from a mix of forward developments and outer weight. The curiosity and thought of Eighty-Eight Years lies less in these ideas but rather to a greater extent in the recounting the story.As much as anything, Eighty-Eight Years gives a past filled with the since a long succession ago, challenged mesh for cancellation in the more long Americas. It centers around nullifications trap with pilgrim autonomy developments, understanding and progressive belief systems, and the philosophies of property, subjection, and flexibility that rose out of the royal mercantile system and after that mechanical frameworks of private first step that overwhelmed the Atlantic realism. It looks at deliver free blacks made Black Nationalist philosophies, and how unique m acetary frameworks kick upstairs thralldom or cancellation in various ways. It incorporates vital attacks into how cancellation happened in diametrical spots through autonomy, war, insurgency, philosophy, rou gh protection, and the relative significance of subjection in different realms. It to boot contains vital examinations of how a few buckle downholders gave in promptly and effortlessly to nullification developments, while others hung on for any longer time frames.The book starts with a broad acquaintance that integrates and includes with an age of work on European extension, realm, and seduction from its sources in the 1500s through its last cancelation in the late 1800s. Its a part that stands alone from whatever remains of the work, and it can be perused beneficially both when a peruser travels through the contents center sections. The presentation clarifies the linkup between the rise of free enterprise, state bolster for vendor ventures, and landed estate bonds, while dissecting the different associations that fixing different settlements to rising European states.By 1775, European states had built up flourishing provinces in the Americas that utilized racialized slave wo rk and a ranch framework to deliver money trims wrong a particular understanding of trans-Atlantic private enterprise. However inside 50 years, the British, Spanish, and French domains in the Americas had fundamentally win overd, and slaveholders wherever ended up on edge. Inside an additional 60 years, property bondage would be annulled birthday suit from the Americas. It required a century to fabricate those realms, slave social orders, and a flourishing trans-Atlantic exchange slaves and slave-delivered wares. It would require one more century to disgrace that framework.The rest of the book centers around that disassembling, and certain subjects and focuses are unmistakable in Raels investigation. In 1775, bondage was universal, and acknowledged and expected by the vast mass in the Atlantic world, including slaves themselves. By 1825, servitude was generally observed as curious, as an exception of humanized society, a maybe essential yet plainly brutal shrewdness, or an in fringement of the regular request.What changed throughout that 50 years? The change from vendor, money edit private enterprise to modern free enterprise released a progression of autonomy developments and wars that started with the American conversion. In Raels telling, the American Revolution matters since it catalyzed once diffused illumination standards into intense and all inclusive progressive belief systems. The French Revolution and a progression of freedom developments paste these general and progressive philosophies broadly. Progressive belief systems and about constant arrangement of majestic wars and wars for freedom demonstrated instrumental in affecting liberations over the different social orders with slaves in the Americas.War, freedom, upset, and progressing financial changes additionally made a totally new ideological administration that put slaveholders wherever on edge. As Rael contends, transformation and cancelation, property and slaveholding, freedom and serv itude, are altogether philosophies and ideas with chronicles. The primary winding segment of the book is dedicated to following how these ideas and philosophies rose out of the one of a kind arrangement of vendor private enterprise and subjugation that rose in the late 1600s, and the progressive emergency that struck this framework in starting in the 1770s.Expanding on Edmund Morgans exemplary definition, Rael sets that thoughts of freedom certain out of the bedlam of commercial dominion, bondage, and private enterprise in the mid-1700s. To countenance protection and afterward defiance to the King and Parliament, the pilgrims changed freedom from the ownership of freeborn Britons and the result of Britains novel established government into an all inclusive right hand gave by common law. The royal emergency, freedom, war, and upheaval catalyzed once diffused prudence standards into a strong progressive belief system. It additionally made a parallel development of bondage and fle xibility, and prompted the universalization of freedom. As Rael noticed, a similar Atlantic world that had made the merciless and profoundly free enterprise types of bondage that existed all through the vast majority of the New humanity additionally made the ideological preconditions for the entire cancelation of servitude.In any case, Rael is no determinist, and he rejects Whiggish and disease of freedom elucidations of servitudes downfall. As Rael additionally takes note of, the powers that made New World subjection in the end made the likelihood of New World Slaverys end (p. 47). Rael guides perusers through the possibilities that slaves, free blacks, and the backers of nullification went up against as they looked for cancelation in the numerous slave social orders and social orders with slaves in the Americas. Servitudes destruction in the United States would be quite a while in coming. Setting bondage and nullification in the United States in a more enormous Atlantic setting clarifies why.Raels investigation of annulment in the more extensive Atlantic emphasizes a vital point that is oftentimes neglected in the academic writing on cancelation in the United States. Over the Americas, subjugation survived autonomy and transformation where it was most critical where the agriculturalist class safe a lot of political power and where the grower class full political control over focuses of back and capital. Slaveholders capitulated to abolitionism where it was less essential in domains where the grower class needed political power and in places where the grower class needed favored connections to focuses of fund and private enterprise.

urfews are popular

Y stunnedh curfews are popular. In poll after poll, Ameri flowerpots support laws that snip adolescentagers activities during certain hours of the day and iniquity. Y revealh curfews are as well as logical. If youngsters are carryting into bring kayoed, it nets sense to get them get rid of the streets. Yes because approximately crimes are usually connected at night.. puerileagers can be used as an easier target for bragging(a) predators.. less people to witness things at night Why Curfews argon a Good Thing Kids certainly need their freedom, but how frequently freedom?Some parents today are so worried rough organism friends with their kids that they forget hese young folks need guidance and construction in order to survive on their own later in life. There is nothing wrong with setting a curfew for a teen under the age of 18. The overarching goal of a curfew is protection, both of the teens as wholesome as the community itself. According to y bug outhright. org c urfews are very effective in protecting minors from hazards such as, drunk drivers, drug dealers and stalkers/rapists that scuffle roughly the streets at night. Obviously a curfew wont keep a teenager out of trouble during the day time, but that is not their purpose. Curfews for minors play a big role in keeping them out of situations that can crown to them getting into trouble. Teens should have curfews because teenagers get into much trouble without them. Research shows that 59% of teens get in trouble at night rather than during the day. Thats more than half(a), teens provide be better having a curfew and not getting in trouble at night. Not only so, but also most teens get into car accidents late at night.There is one chief hazard on the road that curfews aim to protect teenagers from and that is drunk drivers. There are thousands of accidents every year involving drunk drivers. It is best that we keep our young and unfledged drivers eat up the road during this dangerou s time of night. Essentially, with a curfew they wont be out on the roads late at night and they allow get into less car accidents. Curfews help keep both teens and adults safe. It can be unsafe having teens roaming around without an adult after certain hours.Curfews would keep kids off the streets late at night. If they are home, and not out on the streets, at that place isnt the temptation to do something risky that will et them into trouble. Also if teens are at home they are safe from the very dangerous threats of drug dealers, talkers, and rapists. This is a very real threat because the naive youth of today are often the targets of these criminals in todays society. Having a curfew in place would significantly constrict down on the chances of this happening.Keeping our children safely asleep at home. With curfews in place, the life-time for our teens would increase. Teens should have curfews because teenagers seem to get into more trouble without them. If they are with frie nds so they may be empted to do things that are not okay. In the nighttime, it is more likely for teens to go out and cause trouble, or make trouble for themselves. In a stem of cities that took a poll, over half go for that a curfew is a good idea and that it is effective if it is followed.The curfew helps keep teens out of trouble because they cannot be out causing trouble for others or themselves. Without a curfew, there would be many more case of crimes involving teens. Keeping kids off the streets would cut down on crimes such as vandalism and desolation ot prope Even though curtews can be ard to enforce, it is important that jurisprudence officers make sure they are followed. Ninety Percent out of a group of cities interviewed agreed that police officers should enforce curfews.If they do not, the curfew will not be followed and teens can be out at whatever time they want. Having teens out at night can sometime be a unspeakable thing because of the dangers they are suscep tible to and the trouble they can more well get into during the night time. Keeping teens at home during the night can help stop any trouble that is caused mostly during the night. Although it is sometimes exhausting for olice officers to make sure curfews are followed, it helps make their Job much easier. Without teens being out at night, not as much trouble is caused.Late night parties are not as much of a worry to police officers or parents of teens. These parties cannot start if teens have a curfew to follow. Ninety three percentage of cites interviewed agreed that curfews help stop these kinds of parties from starting. In conclusion more than half of the crimes committed by teenagers take place at night, so curfews would also help cut down on the overall likelihood of teenagers committing crimes. Curfews would also protect others from the dangerous things that teen do at night.Most importantly curfews stick out greatly to keeping teens safe from criminals such as drunk driv ers, rapists, and kidnappers. A curfew is, in my mind, the best way for a parent and teen to bod trust. The more the teen fallows the curfew the later or more lenient the curfew will become. In a good relationship the curfew soon is done onward with because the parents contend and trust that their child will be safe and know when to come home and when it is the right time to leave said companionship or friends house.When it comes to rebellious acts and the lot if the parents start early with the curfew then it will become more habitual for the teen. The only really troubling manifestation of this is the friends of the teen. If they have a later curfew the teen will be mangled between their friends and their parents. The best way to stop this is to ask why the teen what some of their friends have for curfews and negotiate and later time. This makes the teen see the parents and curfew in a more positive light and the parents now know that their teen will be home for sure.

Dealing with a Difficult Patient

Regardless of what professional field you are working in these tips could be helpful to you be obtain any job you devil you will forever and a day be around other large number so you should know how to get a line a bad seat. The physicians dictate that 15% of their brushings with longanimouss are rated as difficult. When relations with a difficult patient you must get along the signs of irritability, know what you should do so the station doesnt step forward, and get rarify to the root of the enigma with the patient.The first step in dealing with an angry patient is recognizing the signs of anger, discerning the physical, vocal, and characteristics of a patient who is more likely to pass water an issueburst. Clenching fists, fidgeting, breathing rapidly, tighten posture, and tightening of the jaw are some of the easiest physical signs to look for. If you recognize these signs try to get to the root of the problem before things escalate to the verbal clues. Verbal s igns may be raising his voice, yelling, saying mean or rude things to you try to stay calm and not yell cigarette let him vent his anger then try to resolve the situation.Patients that need problems with depression, anxiety, go into defense mode, being resistant with you, or their attitude may change from being happy and talkative to being quiet and slight these are the patients to watch for. Anger problems, stress, or anxiety can cause someone to be edgy when they get bad news or news that they do not agree with. Always remember, Some people dont like not having control over a situation. (Forest, 2012) When someone is having health problems or they get bad news from the adulterate they are more likely to get angry, although you cannot control what happens with your health you can control how to handle it.There are many things that could cause a patient to get angry such(prenominal) as diagnosing, discussion, or even own(prenominal) problems in the past or the present. A pa tients diagnosis can cause them to tolerate control if they hear they may lose their mobility, their symptoms have gotten worse, or losing their independence. Nobody hopes to hear they are sick or that bad things could happen and when they do hear those things its triggers a negative sensation in them.Issues with their treatments may also be a trigger for anger if their treatment isnt working how they think it should, the doctor changes their treatment, or they want to start treatment immediately but physically it isnt likely patients want things done how they want them and if its not done in that way it can erupt into a verbal altercation. Personal issues such as being abused as a child, growing up in a dysfunctional family, or losing someone close to them to an unwellness can cause people not to trust doctors and nurses.Personality disorders, strong emotions, having organic behavior, or returning frequently with troubling problems are also signs that they could be a difficult patient. You have to recognize the signs of things that could trigger someone to get angry and prepare yourself in case things do get out of hand in those situations. As a professional in the medical examination field you must learn how to readyly deal with a situation if it gets out of hand, you have to listen, know how to handle your own temper, and learn the proper things to say so you dont take hold the situation escalate even further.You have to listen to their words to try to get down to the root of the problem and dont interrupt or sack what they are saying. Ask them what they think will help fix the problem. (HPSC, 2012) petition their solution shows that you care what they are saying so thats a good way to go about calming them down. To ensure that the encounter isnt going to escalate never show your angry, keep your detention down at your sides, keep some distance, maintain eye contact, and everlastingly be professional the moment you lose control they will attain it.When youre talking to them m ake sure he knows that you understand by saying something like I understand you concerns but.. , also call him by name it shows respect. Another thing you can do is explain his treatment in detail so you know he understands the problem and peradventure that will even give him his solution. You can try to control the result of the situation by your actions and words you just have to learn the temper way of going about it.While working in an office mount you will encounter patients that dont agree with what you may say or do but you have to learn how to manage the situation in a professional manner, without letting your anger get involved. You have to be the stronger person and say sir what can I do to make this experience better for you? You have to talk calmly and know the correct words to say to make sure the conflict can be resolved. If you have too many issues you may have to call in someone else to intervene which in some cases is the smart th ing to do.

Wild at Home

Persuasive Speech Outline Topic exotic living organisms do not make good dearies Specific Purpose To impel the audience that even though the coddle versions of out of work animals atomic number 18 cute, they dont point that way forever. Therefore irrational animals should not be pets. Central predilection foolish animals should not be kept as pets, because it is bad for us as owners, bad for the animals themselves and even bad for the environment. Introduction Attention Getter limn this, you are hiking in the woods and come across a baby bear. There is no sign of it mother and it looks hungry, what would you do?harmonize to the center field for veterinary health sciences the emotional appeal baby animals have on humans will allow you to look past the dangers of the animal and record care of it, possibly even taking it shoes with you. But when you call about it, would taking home a gaga animal be such a good? Topic Introduction Today I will try to convince you that even though the baby versions of wild animals are cute, they dont stay that way forever. Animals including Lions, Tigers, Wolves, Bears, Reptiles and non-human primates do indeed prove up, and can possibly become austere, therefore should not be kept as pets.Relate the topic to your audience Im sure at one piece in your life, you have all treasured a wild animal as a pet. Relate the topic to you as a speaker system I know I did. When I was younger I wanted a baby panda. But, while doing my research for this speech I ascertain what a bad root word that would have been. If dont believe me, by the annul of this speech I will have hopefully convinced you that lagger your main points wild animals should not be kept as a pets, by first discussing why it is bad for the animals.Then why it is bad for the owner, and at long last why it is bad to the environment in general. Transition Statement plane though keeping wild animals as pets can be appealing, it is of the essence(predic ate) to remember that keeping a wild animal as a pet is associated with many potential problems, not to mention legal and ethical issues. Also keeping wild animals as pets requires a great believe of research and preparation, as surface as provision of ideal hold and diet as well as medical care (which whitethorn be very difficult to find).And if you cannot provide these necessities for the animal it can ascribe the animal in danger. Which brings me to my first main point. Body I. holding a wild animal as a pet can be dangerous for the animal a. almost people cant provide the right home for Wild animals i. Wild animals have complex behavioral, social, nutritional and psychological needs. Most people simply cannot meet the needs of wild animals kept as pets. For Example Many monkeys, birds, and wild cats, can all travel several(prenominal) miles in a single day. A walk on a leash through the park wont cut it.Transition Statement alien animals, by definition are not domestica ted as well as unpredictable. Their behavior may change with seasons or life cycles in ways we dont understand. They alike rarely bond with their owners. Pet primates, big cats, and reptiles have attacked and poorly injured their owners. Which brings me to my next point, of why wild animals are also dangerous to their owners. II. Keeping a wild animal as a pet can also be dangerous to the owner a. You could get hurt. i. Keeping wild animals as pets can be dangerous.They can bite, scratch, attack their owners, and their owners children and guests. ii. correspond to livesceince. com there has been 1,610 incidents involving exotic pets and 75 deaths from 1990-2011. iii. Examples from thedailygreen. com * In 2000 a three socio-economic class old boy had his arm bitten off by his uncles pet tiger. b . You could get sick. i. As a dealer of exotic animals put it If it walks, crawls, slithers, or flies, chances are we sell it here This is also true with their diseases. ii. Wild animals wear diseases dangerous to humans.Some diseases are not curable and can be fatal. Diseases embarrass rabies, distemper, herpes viruses, salmonella, polio, tuberculosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and bubonic plague. Wild animals also harbor parasites, such as tape worms, flukes, and protozoa. iii. According to The U. S. angle and Wildlife Service 90% of all reptiles carry and shed salmonella in their fecal matter or some form of intestinal bacteria that can be transferred to their owners. Transition Statement Now that you know some of the negative make on the animal and the owner.I find it is also important to know how owning a wild animal is also dangerous to the environment. III. Having wild animals as pets also have a negative effect on the environment. a. Taking them from the wild can endanger the species. I. According to livehonestly. com To meet the demands of those who keep exotic animals as pets, dealers often have to take the animals from their native lands. This c ut outs the ecosystems from which they are stolen, and can disrupt the ecosystems to which they are taken if they escape or are set loose.II. According to the Association of Zoo and Aquariums Parrots are the worlds most endangered family of birds due to nakedness from the international pet trade. The enormous global demand for exotic pets is fueling the illegal capture and trade of millions of birds, mammals and reptiles annually, most of which die while cosmos captured or transported. Transition Statement On the PETA website, veterinarian and animal behaviouristic says that people who breed these animals and sell them as pets are playing Russian roulette. ConclusionLink the conclusion to the introduction Although wild animals, especially babies, appeal to our human emotions because they are so cute, as adults they can be very noxious and even dangerous to have around. Review the main points and reemphasize your central idea without proper training you can cause harm to the an imals as well as yourself and the environment. Specify desired audience response if dogs or cats arent your occasion there are plenty cool and unique animals that you could have as a pet. Memorable concluding statement The main thing is to feed the wild animals to the professionals.But, if you feel the need to be surrounded by exotic animals theres always the zoo, and it is so much safer that way. Works Cited Owning wild animals statistics. (2011). Retrieved from www. livescience. com The dangers of keeping wild animals. (2013). Retrieved from www. livehonestly. com Wild animal attacks. (2000). Retrieved from www. dailygreen. com Wild animal pets. (2012). Retrieved from www. aspca. org Wild at home. (2013). Retrieved from www. nationalgeographic. com Exotic pets. (2012). Retrieved from www. peta. org

Nelson Mandela’s Speech “I Am Prepared to Die” Essay

In 1962-1964, Nelson Mandela was charged for opposing the white government of randomness Africa, high treason, sabotage, and the federation to overthrow the government. In his defense, Mandela gave a computer address titled I am Prepared to Die at his trial. This mother tongue is powerful and full of literary devices. In parts of this potent speech he utilizes facts, statistics, and allusions as a tool to his defense. In the beginnings of his speech he uses an anecdote, which is a short provoke story about a real incident or person. present Mandela states that as young boy in Transkei he listened to the elders of his tribe coitus stories of how it used to be, and of wars their ancestors fought against the fatherland, and names such as Dingane, Bambata, Hinsta, and Makana were praised all over the African nation.He uses this to elucidate that he hoped to help his people and make a difference in their freedom. As of the factual parts he states deep down them, that he admits he w as one of the people who helped to form Umkhonto we Sizwe until he was arrested in August 1962, holds a Bachelors Degree in humanities and practiced as an attorney in Johannesburg, a convicted prisoner servicing five years, and saying that to a greater extent than 85,000 people defied the apartheid laws and went to jail. With to a greater extent facts throughout the speech, it gave Mandela more of a reasoning to not be convicted. As of the statistical portions of this speech he stated that more than 85,000 people were arrested for defying the apartheid laws, adaging that 70 percent of South Africa were not entitled to vote, also stating that sixty-nine unarmed Africans died at Sharpeville. These statistics gave Mandela more edge to his defense and supported him.Though Mandelas speech was trigger-happy it wasnt enough to find him innocent. He was sentenced to life, which he was released at 71 years of age, on February 11, 1990. Yet I still find that this speech was powerful. The l iterary devices gave him edge and his evidence was correct.

Hrm Ulrichs Model Essay

?Briefly describe the major features you would wear to find in an HR ferment which has adopted the Ulrich Model as the basis for its structure. The HR model as defined by Ulrich (1997) states that HR function should be 1. Strategic Partners Sit at the managerial plank and contribute to the organisations strategy and alignment of HR strategy. Communicates efficiently with line management. Understands the disdain environment and safaris key business processes and activities2. Change Agents Support, facilitate and initiate change,act as a stabilising force for employees in times of change 3.Employee Champions Takes exploit to protect the interests and well being of the employees and ensuring they are the voice of the employee. 4. Administrative Experts Ensures polices and procedures are up to date, they are legally compliant and have the ability to keep open innovative HR practices in HR recruitment, employee development and communication In the 1990s Dave Ulrich moved to the three legged stool model for the organisation of the HR Function, this returnd Centres of excellence This is a HR unit or an outsourced instalment that provides HR services to a number of parties within the organisation.HR experts provide high level advice and solutions on key services and hr activities such as training and development, recruitment, reward and employee relations. Strategic Business Partners Senior HR Managers work closely with business leaders and line managers to contribute to the general organisations strategy and align with HR strategy. They understand the business environment and drive key business processes and activities. HRM are expected to be creative shared Services centres Large organisations provide a centralised HR function which deliver routine HR administration such as payroll, recruitment administration or absence monitoring.

Biography of Mary and Martha

bloody shame Magdalene is probably matchless of the most debatable figures in the tender testa handst. on that point are umpteen a(prenominal) claims about her personality, from a notorious sinner to until recently, the wife of the Nazarene Christ. Actually, bloody shame Magdalene is menti wizardd as peerless of saviour female disciples in the Gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke and John. All by dint ofout the New Testament, in that respect are different references to bloody shame Magdalene. Accounts about her life, although plenty, are some durations confusing depending on the source. The name Magdalene suggested that she came from the t protestspeople of Magdala, hence the name bloody shame Magdalene.The town of Magdala is believed to be on the Sea of Galilees western shore. The town was a source of salt for the inhabit towns. It was also the administrative midriff and the largest among the towns surrounding the lake (George, 2003). bloody shame Magdalene is the baby of Martha and the brother of Lazarus. Accordingly, the story of Martha is intertwined with the story of bloody shame Magdalene save there are also claims that the bloody shame who anointed the captain the Nazarene, the adult female sinner and the Mary of Bethany are three different persons.Pope Gregory the vast tell that all three women were the same person save in 1969, the church building retracted that position (Ehrman, 2006). One account tells that Mary Magdalene came from a middle class family in an affluent fishing village. Later on, Mary Magdalene was believed to be feature by seven demons which drove her some metres to madness but was freed by delivery boy. Mary Magdalene suffered these demons in her life since childhood and when deliverer freed her, she followed Him. Since then, Mary Magdalene became part of the Nazarene circle of disciples.There were many disputes about her personality. Some say she was a prostitute, others say she was a female divinity figure. St ill others claim that she became the wife of Jesus (George, 2003). Mary Magdalene has been both revered as well as reviled for almost 2,000 years. There are claims of her being a witch, a mistress and to being the eternal feminine and disposed companion of Jesus. New researches sire also shown that Mary Magdalene could have played a central federal agency in the ministry of Jesus and possibly an influential figure in the macrocosm of Christianity (Chilton, 2005).Mary Magdalene was an eyewitness to the resurrection of the passkey Jesus Christ. She was also believed to have played an significant role in the growth of Christianity following Jesus ascension to promised land (Lester, 2006). The most famous mention of Mary Magdalene in the New Testament was her anointing of Jesus with inwardness and washing his feet in tout ensembleness of the dinners that Jesus frequented in the house of Mary Magdalene and her siblings. Interestingly, many new accounts are flood tide out disp uting the popular belief among Christians that Mary Magdalene was a prostitute.Recent works by scholars claim that there is no concrete evidence to suggest that so Mary Magdalene was a prostitute. Some point to the sermon by Gregory the Great five centuries after Mary Magdalenes death which started that notion (Ehrman, 2006). Since Mary Magdalene was claimed to come from an affluent family, there were also claims that she aided pay for the expenses of Jesus ministry. Since Jesus and his disciples never collected donations from people, according to some texts, it was possible that Mary Magdalene helped perplex their ministry through her own funds (George, 2003).When Jesus was crucified, Mary Magdalene was there at the foot of the bollocks along with Jesus mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and unmatchable of his apostles John. Being present at the foot of the professionals cross with Jesus mother bolstered the claim of other people that indeed Mary Magdalene may have been the wif e of Jesus because why would she be there along with His mother. These claims were unfounded and probably misunderstood the deep faith and fortitude of Mary Magdalene on the Lord Jesus Christ. She was avid follower.The story of Martha kick to Jesus about Mary Magdalene sitting there listening to Him plot she serves all the guests, is a testament to the idolatry of Mary Magdalene to the teachings of Jesus (Chilton, 2005). When the uprise Christ showed Himself to Mary Magdalene, again many on the noseified that Jesus startle appeared to Mary Magdalene because she was His wife. The risen Christ chose to appear before Mary Magdalene because she was a repentant sinner. It was probably an analogy or symbolic gesture on Jesus part (Chilton, 2005). aft(prenominal) Jesus ascension, accounts say that Mary Magdalene together with her sister Martha and brother Lazarus were seized by the Jews along with many other Christians and left to fall out on board a commit without sails. They sur vived miraculously and Mary Magdalene was barely menti atomic number 53d to have chosen to delay on a cave and all daylight, the angels of the Lord send fored and carried her to heaven ( commemoration of St. Martha, 2006). There is no clear exhibit on when and where Mary Magdalene died. There were claims that she was miraculously transported to the chapel of St.Maximin where she was given the populate sacraments. Others claim that she fagged her last days in Ephesus. With so many conflicting accounts on the life of Mary Magdalene, many scholars have pass countless hours researching her life story. With the recent interest on the life of Mary Magdalene because of claims that she was the wife of Jesus and she bore him a child, many writers and scholars have offered their own theories and writings based on their findings. In her book, Joan Norton even ventured as removed as interpreting the mind of Mary Magdalene and writing a refreshful with a first-person perspective.Thoug h conflicting are the accounts on her life, what was certain was Mary Magdalene followed and served the Lord Jesus Christ while He was preaching and continued to do so even after his ascension to heaven. The feast day of Mary Magdalene is celebrated every July 22. She is regarded to symbolize the virtue of penitence. Hence, her title The Penitent. St. Martha Not a good deal is k at one timen about the life of Martha. In the Bible, she was only mentioned twice in the New Testament in the Gospels of John and Luke. Specifically, Martha was cited in Luke 1038-42 and John 11, 12.That mention is the story about the visit of Jesus in the house of Martha, Mary and Lazarus at Bethany. It was said that Jesus loved to visit them whenever He was in Judea. In one of Jesus visits to Marthas home, Martha was bad-tempered serving the Master, preparing food for the guests and doing errands around the house when she noticed that her sister, Mary, was not doing anything but instead is seated near J esus listening to his preaching. Martha, annoyed by Marys attitude, approached the Master to ask Him to persuade Mary to help her in doing the house chores.Jesus understood what Martha was complaining about. Not wanting to traumatise her because Jesus loved them both, He explained to her that she was worrying too much at the things that are trivial and in the process loosing sight of the more big thing which is what Mary had been doing, and that is listening to the word of God ( register of St. Martha, 2006). There are, however, some snippets of stories about Martha that sheds some light on her life. According to one account, Martha came from a rich and noble family.Her parents have enough wealth to live comfortably and to take good care of their children. But in bruise of their wealth, Martha chose to serve the Lord in the ways she knew best. In fact, she is most remembered in the Christian world for the hospitality she gave to Jesus and his disciples whenever they visited them in their home (Memorial , 2006) After the event where Jesus explained to Martha the importance of listening to the word of God, not much is known about what events followed on Marthas life.Martha was mentioned again in the New Testament when her brother Lazarus, who died of an illness, was raised from the dead by the Lord Jesus. Upon learning of Lazarus death, Jesus was saddened and He immediately set off to Judea. There, at the tomb of Lazarus, Martha was mentioned again wherein she spoke to Jesus uttering those intense words of faith, which subsequently on became part of the Christian funeral liturgy. Martha told Jesus I know he will rise again on the resurrection on the last day. To which Jesus replied, telling her He, the Lord Jesus, is the resurrection and the life and whoever believes in Him shall not die but have eternal life (St. Martha, nd. ). Marthas conversations with Jesus showed her faith and courage. It is unpatterned in the available writings that Jesus loved the fa mily of Martha. Some time after Lazarus was raised from the dead, Jesus again visited Martha and her siblings and shared a repast with them. Because of their association with Jesus, the siblings were known throughout their town.Lazarus was always talked about as the one that Jesus raised from the dead Mary was known as the one who cause a commotion in one of the many dinners Jesus had with them by washing Jesus feet with her hair and pouring expensive perfume after. In contrast, Martha was known only as the one who always served Jesus the meals and took care of the guests whenever the Master came for a visit. She simply and humbly served Jesus (St. Martha, n. d). After the death and resurrection of the Lord Jesus and his eventual ascension to heaven, there was no mention of Martha again in the Scriptures.Again, other accounts say that after the ascension, Martha, Mary and Lazarus were held by the Jews. Together with Marthas handmaid Marcella and a disciple named Maximin who performe d the baptism of the whole family, and with many other Christians were herded on to a ship. The Jews then left them on the open sea while on board the ship that was nude of its sails and oars with the intent of exposing them to the elements of the sea and possibly send them to their doom through ruin or disease (Memorial , 2006). But God had other plans for them.The ship was not wrecked and all the passengers arrived safely in the city of Marseilles, now known as part of the nation of France in Europe. The miraculous journey became known to the local population. The Christians, including Martha and her siblings, set off to preach throughout Marseilles and the neighboring towns such as Aix, eventually converting many to become believers of Christ (Memorial , 2006). The same account continued to say that because of their works, Lazarus was make bishop of Marseilles and Maximin the disciple, was also made bishop of the neighboring Aix.Mary, it was said, decided to retire into a deser ted cave and devoted herself to prayers and enjoyed the part wherein she had chosen when Jesus was still among them and that is immersing in the joys of heaven. Martha, it was believed, withdrew form the in the public eye(predicate) eye and together with other virtuous women, lived apart from the community of men and settled in a remote place in the Marseilles. She spent the rest of her life serving the Lord Jesus Christ through her piety and prudence (Memorial , 2006). Some accounts specifically mentioned that Martha died on the quaternary of the Kalends of August.Her body is believed to be interred at Tarascon where it is held in great veneration generations after generations (Memorial , 2006). Still, others believe that where and when Martha died is unknown or whether she died a vivid death or at the hands of those who persecute Christians (St. Martha, n. d. ). The feast day of St. Martha is celebrated every 29th of July. She is recognized as the patron canonize of cooks, ho usewives, servants and travelers. Application to Ones Life/Lessons From the life of St.Martha, one lesson which I believe many of us can relate to is that sometimes, with all the flap and bustle of daily life, we worry too much about many things. Some are trivial, some are not but just the same, we become so immerse with the daily grind of life that we obturate to pause and pray, just like what Martha experienced when Jesus made one of his many visits to their home. We need to stop and meditate, even contemplate because we may not realize it but taking a break and spending time to pray energizes our spirits and helps us cope with everyday problems and stress.One other lesson that I can see from the life of St. Martha is that even simple things like sign chores or small works outside our homes, can also be an instrument or a way to serve the Lord because in serving others, we serve also the Lord Jesus Christ. On the other hand, Mary Magdalene represented the symbol of unwavering f aith in our Lord Jesus Christ. If truly she was a prostitute, she displayed great courage and devotion when she followed Jesus in spite of her sins.Recognizing ones sins and repenting is probably the most worth(predicate) lesson that Mary Magdalene have taught us through her example. No matter how extraordinary we are, the Lord can forgive us and even elevate us to a level we could never expect. From the lives of St. Martha and St. Mary Magdalene, we can learn that serving the Lord Jesus Christ can be done in various ways albeit it should be based on true devotion and faith. References Chilton, B. (2005). Mary Magdalene A Biography. New York Doubleday. Ehrman, B. (2006). Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene The Followers of Jesus in Historyand Legend. Philadelphia Oxford University Press. George, M. (2003). Mary, Called Magdalene. New York Penguin Group (USA). Lester, M. (2006). The Everything Mary Magdalene Book A Divine Profile. momma Adams Media Corp. Memorial of St. Martha, virgin . (2006). Catholic Culture. Retrieved on November 25, 2006 from http/www. catholicculture. org Norton, J. (2005). The Mary Magdalene Within. New York iUniverse, Inc. St. Martha. (n. d. ). St. Martha. org. Retrieved on November 25, 2006 from http//www. stmartha. org/St%20Martha. htm

Organizational Psychology Paper Psy 428

brassal psychology Paper Shanna Brookins PSY/428 12/12/2011 organizational Psychology Paper Introduction Organizational psychology is the study of a nominal organization and how various(prenominal)s and groups act within that organization in former(a) words, the scientific study of the workplace. The goal of organisational psychology is to answer organizations function the better(p) way possible. This is achieved by helping people understand their interactions with each other and create an environment where everyone back work together to accomplish big goals.When an organization is successful, the employees have better task satisfaction. In turn, this creates better productivity which allows products and services to be produced at a lower price. This savings can be passed along to the customers therefore having a positive effect on everyone. (Jex, 2008). An industrial- organizational psychologist studies different aspects of the work environment, such(prenominal) as lea dership, job satisfaction, on the job stress, and communication among employees. An industrial-organizational psychologist is brought in by organizations as consultants to solve dissolveicular problems.They contribute seek methods and psychological principles to improve productivity, management and marketing problems, as closely as facilitate organizational ontogeny and change, and identify training and development needs. I/O psychologists often work for more than one organizational setting they may alike choose to teach in universities and colleges (Jex, 2008). cardinal Sides of I/O Psychology The industrial side of I/O psychology concentrates on organizational policies and processes that affect the employees on a ad hominem level, it is sometimes called the personnel psychology (McCarthy, 1999).Industrial psychology uses statistics, psychometrics, as well as quantitative tools to develop rating scales, interview techniques, and psychological test. These tests be utilize to measure skills for the purpose of hiring, placement, and promotion within an organization. In addition, the industrial side handles performance appraisals and feedback, as well as training and development (Industrial and Organizational Psychology , 2008). The organizational side of I/O psychology focuses on making the most of organizational performance.This focuses on interpersonal relationships at work, how individual differences affect an organization, leadership, motivation, team and group dynamics, and organizational change and development. In addition, the organization side concentrates on job satisfaction, attitudes, and dealing with job stress such as balancing work and family (McCarthy, 1999). The Use of Research Research methods ar utilise in I/O psychology to answer dubiousness about why employees behave the way they do. Analyses of behavior in soft studies involve discussions of how people experience and feel events in their lives and can be a good means of genera ting hypotheses and theories of what happens in organizational settings (Ehigie, 2005, p. 621). qualitative methods of research are used by I/O psychologist in organizational studies. I/O psychological may use methods such as test, questionnaires, rating scales, observation, ethnography and physiological measures to answer questions about behavior (Ehigie, 2005) notification is a research method used in I/O psychology to understand employees culture and behavior.There are three data-based methods that may be used, simple observation, participant observation, and archival data sources . The observational technique is best used when observing routine jobs that require manifest behaviors, for example waiting tables. This method cannot be used for jobs which require capable or cognitive processing for example making decisions or planning. In participant observation the observer may be a part of the event being studied. The researcher must be able to ethically preform the job this me thod is used for job analysis.Archival data sources uses records or any(prenominal) form of data that exist, it is an important supplement to more stuffy data collection methods. This method allows researcher to study issues that could not be studies in any other way (Ehigie, 2005). The Use of Statistics When data is serene by organizational researchers the data must be analyzed. The statistics, mean median, and rule are known to be the most common measures of rally tendency. An modal(a) value of the item in the series or some quality of members in a group is a measure of central tendency.Mean represents the reasonable for an ungrouped data . The sum of the scores divide by the total issuance of the scores gives the value of the mean. Median is the score or value of that central item which divides the series in exactly two equal halves. fashion is defined as the size of the variable that occurs most frequently in the series (Jex, 2008). Conclusion Organizational psychology can be used in organizations to assess job performance, training, and making hiring decisions. In addition, it can help employees develop the capabilities they need in an organization for promotions.Organizational psychology can also be used in an organization to explore why trustworthy employees may not work well together, why some are not preforming well, as well as job satisfaction. Organizational psychology also may study why dissatisfaction is among certain employees and how it contributes to negative outcomes, such as turnover and absenteeism. Organizational psychology is applied through the gentlemans gentleman resources department or consultants. It can be used to assess any problem or issue that is related to work or careers (Industrial and Organizational Psychology , 2008) ReferencesIndustrial and Organizational Psychology . (2008). Retrieved December 11, 2011, from AllPsychlogyCareers. com http//www. allpsychologycareers. com/topics/industrial-organizational-psychology . html Ehigie, B. &. (2005). Applying Qualitative Methods in Organizations A Note for Industrial/Organizational Psychologists. The Qualitative bill Volume 10 Number 3, 621-638. Jex, S. &. (2008). Organized Psychology. Hoboken,NJ Wiley. McCarthy, D. (1999, December 8). I/O Psychology Overview notes. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from MTSU http//frank. mtsu. edu/pmccarth/io_ovrvw. htm

Gambling Research Essay

childs play refers to the forgather of any game where at that place is specie, or nearlything of value at stake. in that respect ar many varied forms of frolic including horse races, peopleteries, casi no, incision cards, stock market betting, and even more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) recently net profit gambol. Although these games ar meant for recreational use, the thrill of maneuver energizes some sight to become so involved in it that they become symbiotic on fun. The personal effects of maneuver sack up run vilify psychologic all(prenominal)y, be truly noxious to ones neighborly bearing and outhouse also cause many somatogenetic damages. Gambling addiction and diseased gambling is not always seen as dangerous as oppositewise addictions like substance abuse exactly it send away in item be a very damaging addiction to many aspects of sprightliness and should be considered a major health problem.Not everyone who encounters has a gambl ing addiction or even has the capability of being addicted to gambling. The mass of good deal who gamble do not induce an addiction and only do it for recreational purposes. But there is a small dower of people who gamble who are considered problem gamblers or pathological gamblers. pathologic gamblers is described as, morbid gambling is characterized by chronic and irresistible impulses to gamble, with outcome gambling compromises and disruptions to family, personal and vocational pursuits. (Coman, Burrows & Evans, 1997)This addiction causes the gambler to gamble very shop atly, often ages they will begin to pay large and larger bets and receiving feelings of anxiety or picture when they are not gambling. ghoulish gambling raise also include gambling to recover losings from previous gambling episodes, lying to family members to try and hide their habits, committing criminal acts to compass money for gambling and relying on other(a)s to provide money to reliev e them from their pecuniary situation. This is a very grave addiction and should be considered a major health problem because it can disallowly affect many serious aspects of an individuals life.There are many different influences and gateways that can lead to gambling and even a gambling addiction. Although things like scratch cards may not seem like much of a threat to fair an addiction, they can intrigue the thought of net profitning money purely by chance which is a dangerous mindset to lay down. other factor that can lead to a gambling addiction is the sleeper between the proximity from the casino and gambling take time officipation. Living close to a casino causes much more accessibility and can add to the possibleness of gaining an addiction, additional gambling opportunities due to the presence of a casino profit the prevalence of gambling-related problems for people who live close to a casino, as compared with people who live far from one.(Sevigny, Ladouceur, Jacques & Cantinotti, 2008) lot who live closer to the casino are much more likely to just drop by and play a few hands rather than people who live further and set about to make an evening of it.Accessibility can have a large squeeze on gaining an addiction to gambling. Also, the recent customaryity of poker has a huge impact on the view of gambling for younger people. poker has become very popular in our society today and is televised sort of a frequently showing these players not only making a upkeep from this game of chance, but suitable millionaires. Some of these players are seen as celebrities who can cause some younger audiences to look up to them and strive to be like them. These aspects do not directly lead to a gambling problem but they can definitely help lead to one. engineering science has become a large contributory factor to problem gambling. As stated earlier, accessibility can have a large impact on gaining an addiction to gambling and the technology of i nternet has brought accessibility of gambling to a whole new level. Gambling over the internet should be a major concern because the ontogeny in gambling opportunities gives the authorisation for an increase in problem gamblers. Research evidence in other countries has clearly shown that where accessibility of gambling is increase there is an increase not only in the number of regular gamblers but also an increase in the number of problem gamblers. (Griffiths, 1999)Internet gambling websites has dramatically increased this accessibility which will in turn increase the number of people gambling. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a problem gambler, but the more people gambling, the more people who have the chance of becoming addicted. The popularity of internet gambling is on the rise with its easy accessibility and quickness. This popularity itself cannot lead to a gambling addiction but a number of the more popular poker players on television often promote different gambling websites where anyone of any age can play poker online. The websites allow soulfulness to play in tournaments, play with friends and play with fake money or even real money. They are very appealing to people of all ages and easily accessible all the time which makes them a threat to change to problem gamblers and youth gambling. When someone suffers from problem gambling, it is not only that individual that is affected but their family, friends and community as well.There can be some irrefutable aspects of gambling in terms of the neighborly effects of gambling. Gambling can be seen as a recreation, a wound from their problems of everyday life and a nice night out. Yet these positive effects only exist if gambling is done in moderation. at one time gambling becomes a habit and a necessity is where the negative impacts arrive. Often, its those close to the pathological gambler that suffer the most. Constant gambling takes time away from family, friends and other activities. If gambling becomes a problem, it can cause red of trust between individuals and family members which can lead to family related problems and even divorce. Generally, the social problems begin with borrowing of money to support their addiction. At this point, many friends and family may lose touch with the gambler.Being distanced from those who are closest can cause desperation which may lead to criminal action at law. morbid gambling can become so severe that they can resort to criminal activity in a last effort to support their financial needs. People are more likely to commit crime without sentiment of the consequences when they are in a desperation mindset which is what can happen after(prenominal) a big loss due to gambling. Supporters for the spread of legalized gambling make claims about economic growth and more jobs but opponents have a strong case saying, various forms of street crimes, such as robberies and cable car thefts, come with gambling, as well as problems with connections to organized crime The majority of Wisconsin problem gamblers in treatment that were interviewed in Thompson et al. (1999) admitted to crimes as a progeny of their gambling activity, primarily property crimes. (Gazel, Rickman & Thompson, 2001)Pathological gamblers reach a point where there are no options left so they have to resort to illegal means to support themselves displaying the severity and control that a gambling addiction can have.Having a gambling addiction does not just affect someone economically or socially but it can deeply affect them psychologically. Once a pathological gambler is down money, they will make bets to try and regain that money that they have lost. Instead of cutting their losses, they get deeper into debt, preoccupying themselves with gambling, determined to win big to reward their loans and solve all their problems (Griffiths, 2001). A very dangerous way of thinking is the what if I win mentality. This way of thinking is especially da ngerous because then they are more prostrate to make bigger bets with money they may not have to lose so they can receive bigger rewards. A large factor for whether someone develops this addiction has a lot to do with their personality.The type of personality someone has can have on whether or not someone develops a gambling addiction or not. Gambling is characterized by an unrealistic optimism by the gambler (Griffiths, 2001). For the most part people believe that optimism is a good way to live life by always seeing the positive things instead of dwelling on the negatives. Optimists are known to be less likely to suffer from depression symptoms following a stressful event and seem to have more psychological benefits when compared to pessimists.Although in terms of gambling, optimism can be counterproductive, Optimists may be especially susceptible to maintaining illusory gambling expectations. Because of their generalized expectations for success, optimists may get along gambling with the belief that they can win. (Gibson & Sanbonmatsu, 2004) Optimists may also have a tendency to look at the positive aspects in a situation which may prolong their gambling thinking that they will win it all back. Also, people who are risk takers are more prone to gambling addiction than someone who is more conservative. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a pathological gambler and a extensive deal of the issue has to do with their personality type and how they look at different negative situations.Having a gambling addiction not only affects ones social life but it can have a great impact on your mind and even cause physical difficulties. Pathological gamblers often suffer from stress-related disorders such as depression, insomnia, intestinal disorders and migraines. wellness problems do not only occur from the gambling itself but a strong amount of people suffer problems from the withdrawal, Rosenthal and Lesieur (1992) found that at least 65 percent of pathologic al gamblers reported at least one physical side-effect during withdrawal including insomnia, headaches, upset stomach, loss of appetite, physical weakness, heart racing, muscle aches, brisk difficulty and/or chills. (Griffiths, 2001)It was also found that pathological gamblers experienced more physical withdrawal effects when attempting to stop than substance abusers who are attempting to quit. This is quite astonishing and again proves why gambling addiction is a very serious matter and should be considered just as much of a health problem as addiction to alcohol or other substances. Pathological gambling can cause great psychological damage and can cause people to do irrational things after a big loss which can sometimes even lead to suicide. Pathological gambling and suicide have been known to have a touch to each other. Suicidal attempts among pathological gamblers are much more frequent than among the general public.The American Psychiatric Association did a study that with t hese results, Of individuals in treatment for Pathological Gambling, 20% are reported to have attempt suicide, (American Psychiatric Association (APA)) (Penfold, Hatcher, Sullivan & Collins, 2006) For many gamblers, coping with the negative emotions relating to their issues in their life can be overwhelming. Feelings of shame, hopelessness and failure may be hard to bear which sometimes makes suicide seem like the trounce solution for their problems. The damage to the mental aspects is one of the reasons that make pathological gambling so dangerous. The act of gambling and casinos is a very controversial topic.There are some positive aspects to the casino and gambling that include a source of jobs and economic development. Gambling is meant to be for recreational use on occasion but it can also be very dangerous. certain(prenominal) people with certain personality types and lifestyles may be prone to becoming a pathological gambler. The effects of pathological gambling can cau se a lot of harm psychologically, destroy someones social and family life, cause physical damage to themselves which can even lead to their death. Gambling addiction may not be seen as dangerous or likely to happen as other addictions but the results from being a pathological gambler can be just as harmful as other addictions and should be considered just as much as a serious health issue as everything else.ReferencesGriffiths, M. (1999). Gambling Technologies Prospects for paradox Gambling. Journal of GamblingStudies, vol.15, no.3, p.265-283.Griffiths, M. (2001). Gambling An Emerging Area of Concern for wellness Psychologists. Journal ofPsychology, vol.6, no.5, p.477-479.Gibson, B., & Sanbonmatsu, D. (2004). Optimism, Pessimism, and Gambling The Downside of Optimism.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 149-160.Coman, J., Burrows, G., & Evans, B. (1997). Stress and Anxiety as Factors in the Onset of occupation Gambling Implications for Treatment. St ress Medicine, Vol.13, no.4, p.235-244.Sevigny, S., Ladouceur, R., Jacques, C., & Cantinotti, M. (2008). Links between Casino propinquity andGambling split upicipation, Expenditure, and Pathology. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, vol.22, no.2, p.295-301.Penfold, A., Hatcher, S., Sullivan, S., & Collins, N. (2006) Gambling Problems and Attempted Suicide. Part1. High Prevalence amongst Hospital Admissions. International Journal of Mental Health andAddiction, vol.4, no.3, p.265-272.Gazel, R., Rickman, D., & Thompson, W. (2001) Casino Gambling and Crime a Panel take on of WisconsinCounties. Managerial and Decision Economics, vol.22, no.1-3, p.65-75.